« Je pense que la mixité est un mode de jeu parfait pour tout le monde »
Zuzana Maňáková est née à Prague il y a 23 printemps. Elle étudie la régénération et la nutrition dans le sport à l’Université Masaryk de Brno. Elle joue également au korfball depuis huit ans. Au quoi ? Non, ce n’est pas un mot que je viens d’inventer de toutes pièces en guise de farce d’Halloween un peu tardive, mais bel et bien un sport. Ne cherchez pas de trace de ce jeu en Suisse, vous perdriez votre temps : il n’existe pas dans nos contrées. Il n’est d’ailleurs pratiqué que dans 59 pays à travers le monde. Raison de plus donc de découvrir quelques aspects de ce sport mixte – dont le but n’est pas seulement de diviser le nombre de vestiaires par deux – en compagnie de Zuzana.
Qu’est-ce que le korfball et quelles sont ses règles principales ?
Le korfball trouve son origine aux Pays-Bas. Niko Broekhuysen a inventé ce jeu en 1902 à cause des cours d’éducation physique communs pour les filles et les garçons. Il fallait un jeu qui puisse être pratiqué de manière mixte et sans contact physique. Quatre filles et quatre garçons se partagent le terrain qui lui-même est séparé en deux parties. Deux filles et deux garçons prennent place dans une moitié et deviennent attaquants et deux filles et deux garçons dans l’autre pour défendre. Le but du jeu est d’introduire le ballon dans le « korf » (panier) qui est à trois mètres cinquante du sol. On ne peut pas courir, dribbler avec le ballon ou tirer en direction du panier si on est face à un défenseur. C’est un jeu tactique, il faut trouver le moyen de se débarrasser du défenseur pour tirer. La mixité est néanmoins limitée dans les duels qui sont « homme à homme » et « femme à femme ». Quand deux points ont été marqués, les attaquants deviennent défenseurs et vice versa.
Quels sont les avantages et les inconvénients de la mixité ?
Je pense qu’il n’y a pas d’inconvénient. Grâce à cela, il est possible de rencontrer des gens extraordinaires. Les vestiaires et les douches sont mixtes à partir de l’âge de 13 ans, les garçons aiment bien cela… Je pense que c’est un mode de jeu parfait pour tout le monde. Les jeunes apprennent à coopérer et communiquer avec les autres, les garçons autant que les filles, contrairement aux sports plus traditionnels.
Le korfball est apparemment très populaire aux Pays-Bas, en Belgique et à Taïwan. Est-ce le cas en République tchèque ?
Malheureusement, le korfball reste peu connu en République tchèque, et ce malgré le troisième rang mondial de l’équipe nationale et le niveau très élevé du korfball tchèque. Je pense qu’il n’est pas possible de faire mieux qu’une troisième place derrière les Pays-Bas et la Belgique1.
Est-il possible de vivre du korfball dans ton pays ?
C’est uniquement possible aux Pays-Bas et en Belgique. En République tchèque, on joue pour le plaisir. Il y a néanmoins la possibilité de faire partie de l’équipe nationale et de représenter son pays aux championnats du monde, comme ceux qui se déroulent en ce moment en Chine (27 octobre-5 novembre).
A quel niveau pratiques-tu le korfball ?
Je joue en deuxième division et parfois en première division (Extraliga) au KCC Sokol České Budějovice.
1En réalité, la République tchèque est classée quatrième derrière les Pays-Bas, la Belgique et Taïwan selon le dernier classement IKF (Septembre 2011). Toutefois, les Tchèques ont enlevé la troisième place des deux derniers championnats du monde (2003, 2007) et terminé à la deuxième place des championnats d’Europe en 2002.
Article publié dans le Cafignon de décembre 2011.
“I think Barack Obama is a joke”
Karen E. Miller was born in Houston, raised and homeschooled in Trinity, Texas and is currently a senior at Sam Houston State University, studying communication and sociology. She is a Tea Party (populist, conservative and libertarian movement that started off in 2009 in the United States) activist.
How come you got involved with the Tea Party ?
Well, I agree with their platform. The original Boston Tea Party was formed because the colonies were taxed without political representation in England, there was no representative as a middle man between armies and the Parliament in England and it seems like the same thing is happening now, in a way. Politicians are proposing legislation without public support so we feel like, in a way, we’re being taxed or having legislation pressed upon us without our representation because our representatives are not representing us, which is their job. I think this movement is getting people active in politics in such a way that it hasn’t been in a long time, even people my age who haven’t been as involved in politics are becoming involved because they feel very strongly about the things that the Tea Party is presenting. So I think that at the very least it’s getting people knowledgeable about what their government is doing and it’s encouraging them to get involved. So I think that even if you don’t agree with the Tea Party’s beliefs, you can at least appreciate what it’s doing for the common man in regard to politics.
And concretely, how did you become an activist ?
Well, there was a proposal to construct a large road from Mexico all the way up to Oklahoma called the Trans-Texas Corridor and I went to protest for that and from there I became activist in political rallies and when the Tea Party movement really got started, I was at the first Tea Party in this city, Huntsville, a couple years ago and from there I went to a couple more. Just because I stay on top of politics in America, I think that young people should, or any American should, and I think it’s my duty to know what my representatives or my Congress or my President is doing and where and how I can change that if I don’t like it.
Is the Tea Party something particular about the South of the United States ?
I think that the South has this history of being rebellious against the Federal government. In the Civil War, of course, we were defiant toward the Federal government. Even though slavery was a main issue, the Civil War was actually fought over individual States rights and the Federal government not allowing the individual States to have their own laws governing their own particular land and it kind of becomes the same way with socialized medicine or abortion nationwide. If one State in particular doesn’t want that, then we feel like we shouldn’t have to have that. And this is a particular thing in the South because historically we felt that way. That’s why we seceded in the first place.
So if Texas was asking for secession today, would you be in favor of it ?
In principle, yes. I would support the thought but practically it wouldn’t make sense.
Why is that ?
America is way too strong, you don’t want to have them as an enemy, we’re right next to Mexico, which is dying to have Texas annexed into it so… We need America and America also needs Texas so there’s not going to be a secession but I would support the thought behind it, not the action though.
To come back to the Tea Party, what about the differences between the Republican Party and the particular branch of the Tea Party ? Is it really separate ?
When talking about Tea Party activists, I always refer to them as conservatives. They could be Democrats, it’s unlikely, most likely they’re Republicans because conservative ideology and Republicanism go hand in hand but it’s not necessarily a rule of thumb. I would say most Republicans are in favor of the Tea Party.
Do you think the Tea Party could separate completely from the Republicans and create a three-party system in America ?
I don’t think it’s possible. I think, if anything, it would just reform the Republican platform or maybe strengthen independents or conservatives. I think it would actually be detrimental if it formed its own party because politically speaking, I claim myself as a Republican when I go vote. People I support are Republicans most of the time. So there would be more of a chance for the Democrats to win an election if the Republican Party split up into mildly conservatives and Tea Party activists.
The Tea Party was created two years ago. Do you think it will be a long-lived important actor in US politics ?
I don’t think it’s going to be long-lived in the sense that the Republican and Democrat Parties have, they’ve been around for a long time. I don’t think that it’ll last that long, I think that this is a temporary movement seeking change and when that change comes about or there’s a compromise or a collaboration of some sort, then I think the Tea Party will eventually just die off. But I also think that it’s good, it’s taking the common persons in America and it’s giving them a voice of some sort and making the politicians listen to them and so I think that the politicians should learn from that and use it, at least listen to it. I don’t think that the Tea Party people want their way one hundred percent, that it has to be that way or they won’t be satisfied, they just want their representatives to listen to them and at least show that they’re listening and at least compromise on something. There could be some agreement there.
So, in other words, the Tea Party is bound to be a party of the opposition and could not be president material in the next election in 2012 ?
I think whoever is running as the Republican against Obama will most likely be somebody involved with the Tea Party.
So somebody involved with the Tea Party would be credible enough to be the President of the United States ?
Credible ? I don’t know why they wouldn’t be credible enough. I don’t think that Barack Obama was credible to be our president. So obviously that’s not a prerequisite.
Who would be the ideal Tea Party candidate then ? Do you have someone in mind ?
No, it’s too early. I thought that Sarah Palin would run , not necessarily that I would vote for her to be president, but I thought she would be somebody that would emerge. I’m not one hundred percent sure about that anymore. I don’t know who’s going to come out of the woodwork.
The Tea Party opposes a lot of things but how about suggesting solutions instead ? Isn’t it easier to say what is wrong than what would be right ?
(Hesitates)
In other words, can you give me an example of what the Obama administration is doing wrong and what you would do instead ?
I don’t know what I would do instead. And it is easier to say that’s not right than here’s something else we can do. I think that what they do is get their representatives to listen to them, get Congress to listen to the people and then at least be willing to discuss some other alternatives. I don’t know what in particular. There are problems in America that I personally have no idea how to solve. But that’s why we elect Senators and representatives, it’s because we trust them to have credible input in that. They work for us, we choose them for that purpose and when they’re not listening to the people that essentially are their boss, then that becomes a problem. First, we want the Congress to listen to us and then, when they do that, I think there can be an open forum as to what can we do differently, there’ll be more open minds to alternatives to these issues.
What are your hopes for America in the future ?
I think that America needs to reestablish their authority in the worldwide circus. Politically, militarily, economically. Our economy has become a joke, especially because of borrowing so much money from China. Military wise, we got ourselves into what I thought at the time a noble war, Afghanistan. We had to retaliate against the Talibans, we had to do that, otherwise it would just continue. I think George Bush’s heart was in the right place and I think it got out of hand. However, I don’t think that we could leave Iraq or the Middle East in the situation that it is in now. This is one issue that I don’t know how to fix. I don’t think that we should be there anymore but if we leave it’s just going to become worse. Barack Obama himself said that he would decrease troops numbers after he became president and in actuality he has increased the number of troops that we have in the Middle East because there’s really nothing else you can do. But I think America should reestablish itself as one a top if not the top world leader. I think that America has always been there to help other countries when they needed it and it has also been there to put countries in their place when they needed it.
So you think America has the right to go somewhere and “put countries in their place” like imposing democracy in Iraq for example ?
Well, I’m thinking more along the lines of the two World Wars that we fought in, America was a strong force ending those wars. It has worked in the past. Now, with Iraq it didn’t work because I think the people have a different want and need than before. But when Japan blew up Pearl Harbor we went and we retaliated and then we helped rebuild Japan and have played a huge role in their becoming one of the world leaders, it has one of the top economies in the world, even being such a small island it’s very efficient. Us helping them reestablish themselves pushed them forward.
So you want this leadership back ?
I think that other countries expect it and rely on it. We need it for ourselves and also for the people that need nurture.
Do you have examples of these “nurtured” countries ?
Well, going back to Japan since I know so much about that, they are not allowed to have a military, in turn, we take care of them. We help Israel a lot, we are allies with the United Kingdom and other countries in Europe. If something happens around the world, we give aid to anybody who needs it. If there’s a natural disaster, America is there, sending their military, sending aid.
So you think that Japanese people are glad not to have a military and to have you instead, taking care of them ?
Yes. I know enough Japanese people to say that yes. I think that’s the general consensus, that they’re glad that America is there.
Getting back to the American government, what’s your general opinion about Barack Obama ?
I think he’s a joke. I think he’s extremely charismatic, extremely manipulative and extremely unqualified for the job of presidency.
Can you give me concrete examples of what you think he’s been doing wrong ?
He didn’t do anything right. For instance, even if you didn’t like George Bush – he was an appallingly bad public speaker, I can admit that, especially being a communication major – after September 11, immediately, George Bush was there, at the scene, talking to people, talking on TV, showing the people that he cares, that he’s there, that America is not going to back down. After Katrina, he was there. He was in Louisiana, speaking of what to do, how to fix this. He showed the people that he was listening to them, that he cared about them. When there was the oil spill off of the coast of Louisiana, what was Obama doing ? He was vacationing. This was the worst oil spill in world history, I believe, and he’s taking a vacation ? It took him two weeks to get down to the coast to even evaluate, he was there for two hours. Anytime he does anything there has to be a camera around because he has to have recognition. I think that Obama cares more about how people look at him than what he’s actually doing for this country.
Tell me what George W. Bush did right during his two terms then.
Well, he imposed tax cuts instead of raising taxes. I was very young when he was elected president, I’m trying to remember… I think he was right to not show America as weak, especially in such a pivotal point of our history. If we had done nothing, it would have been a message to other terrorists, potentially, “if we do something to America they’re not going to do anything”. I think it was very important that we did what we did after September 11 to show that we’re not just sitting ducks.
But do you think that attacking a country is going to do something against terrorism ?
Well, we’re not necessarily attacking a country. We’re going in to find specific people. And, like I said, it evolved into something I don’t really know what it is now. But at the beginning we were just going to find certain people.
But the main problem with terrorism is that it’s an entity without country so do you really think it was the solution ?
Yes. To use George Bush’s words, this is a war on terrorism, not necessarily a war with Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan as countries. It was a war against the people that attacked us.
What about the “weapons of massive destruction” that nobody ever found ?
The one thing I can say is that it’s better to be safe than sorry.
Let’s talk about some major issues in the world of today. What do you think America’s involvement should be as far as the environment and global warming are concerned ?
I don’t believe in men cause global warming. I think that we could be more environmentally conscious, for example recycle more, use less energy when it’s not needed. I think that everybody can be more aware of the environment. However, I don’t think we should be charged for the amount of carbon we put into the air. I don’t want my government to tell me how to live my life, I don’t want my government that involved in my personal life. I think that they could make a regulation, and they have made regulations for oil refineries, when you have to reduce the amount of pollution that your putting in the air. Now that kind of stuff is acceptable but don’t start regulating things that happen in my house.
The huge crisis that Japan is going through has raised many questions about nuclear energy. Do you think a debate should take place ?
In the case of Japan, I know that the safety mechanisms were not meeting standards. As long as you have those regulations, again the government should step in as far as safety goes on a large scale, they are checked out, it’s going to work and they have a backup plan in case it doesn’t, as long as your realize the effects that could happen, have a plan for if it does and make sure that it doesn’t happen, then I think it’s okay.
Presidential candidates have to talk about their faith during their campaign. Do you think that religion is important in politics ?
We do have this notion of separation of church and state in America and I do agree with that. However, people that just vote for their candidate based on just a party affiliation, like “okay you’re a Democrat, I don’t have to listen to any of your speeches, I’m going to vote for you” or vice versa, then those people don’t care. But a lot of people, including myself, think otherwise. I want to know what kind of people the candidates are, what their family life is like, what they are interested in, what their religion is, because to me, if I know a little bit about the person, then I can better interpret them or expect things from them. Even though I don’t think religion should be a main issue in an election, I think it should at least be discussed because that lets you know a lot about that person’s core of beliefs. So that’s important. If a candidate refused to talk about his religious beliefs, that would bother me. I don’t care what religion it is but I would at least like to know so I know what kind of person he is or generally what to expect from his behavior or thought.
By the way, are you among the people who question Obama’s religion and birthplace ?
Yes. I don’t think he’s a Christian, I don’t think he was born in the US. The most compelling argument for his birthplace seems to be Kenya.
What is the evidence that leads you to this conclusion ?
Well, what is the evidence that he is an American citizen ? Why wouldn’t he just say “look, here’s my birth certificate” ?
I think he did.
I don’t think so.
Would that be a problem if he was a Muslim ?
Because we’re fighting a war in a part of the world that is predominantly Muslim, it would make me wonder how he would handle that war, if he would have special interests, so to speak.
Does the Tea Party have special views about religion ?
I think a majority of people would agree that “one nation under God” was formed as a Christian nation. I don’t think that people want religion taught in school, make it mandatory but I think that what they do want is more freedom with religion in public places. Like to be able to pray in school or that sort of thing. More freedom, not necessarily pressed on people, not like that, but if you do want to pray, then that should be allowed. I think that goes for any religion as well.
Still on religion, Sarah Palin doesn’t believe in evolution. Do you ?
No, I don’t. Okay, I believe in evolution to a certain extent. Do I believe that we came from monkeys ? Absolutely not ! I think that life forms have evolved, so to speak, to… I wouldn’t use the word “evolve”, I would use the word “adapt”. They have adapted to their surroundings, they have changed parts of the world, diets, of course genes mixing with each other, people marrying different races. We have adapted and changed over time but did we come from a completely different species ? I find that impossible. But then again I’m a Christian, I believe that everything is created.
To be politically incorrect for a second, you don’t have a problem with Barack Obama’s race, do you ?
No. I couldn’t care less. But I find it interesting that a lot of black people that I talked to have confessed to me that they did vote for him solely because he is a black man. And I have a problem with that.
But you know that he’s not a black man, he is as white as he is black…
Yeah, but physically he is black, he’s not Caucasian.
Do you think it should matter ?
No, I don’t think it should matter. I think that their beliefs, their platform, their goals for the presidency, that is what should matter. Just like I don’t think that religion should matter, but I think it should be discussed so you know what you’re getting.*
*Again, since MUSE died I thought it was really worth having this published somewhere, it’s really edifying. Interview conducted in Huntsville, Texas on April 8, 2011.
